MACEDONIA'S BORDER WITH KOSOVO
In the spring of 1999, tens of thousands of ethnic Albanian Kosovars enter Macedonia after being forcibly expelled from their homes.
A wheelbarrow transports an elderly Kosovar to family members living in Macedonia. Some refugees had to walk 25 miles (43km) to safety.
Stopped by the Macedonian army at the border, refugees warm themselves against the early morning chill with small fires throughout the encampment.
A child warms up by a small fire.

Refugees huddle against the early morning chill at the makeshift camp for 40,000.
What began as a trickle of refugees became a torrent overnight, as Serbs expelled almost all ethnic Albanians from Kosovo.
Children sleep in a nest of blankets and sweaters.
A refugee sits alone after being expelled from Kosovo.
Food is scarce, since the refugee migration took aid agencies by surprise.

Not knowing her fate - or the fate of her family - a young refugee is bused from the border to a camp sponsored by international aid agencies.
In a scene with chilling historical implications, Serbian trains, packed with deportees, arrive at the Macedonian border.

The Macedonian militia restrains refugees from crossing the border.

Refugees await medical inspection at a hastily erected and under-resourced aid station.

A refugee is carried to an aid station on a blanket used as a litter.

A woman is dragged through the mud to an aid station.

An elderly woman begs for help. She was almost crushed against a barricade by fellow refugees.

Police prevent refugees from leaving the unfenced camp.

Macedonian soldiers wear face masks, fearing air-borne diseases that could spread from the camp, thanks to the complete lack of sanitation.
A refugee attends to his sick wife.

A Red Cross worker restrains a child from returning to the makeshift camp to search for his parents.
A girl and her grandfather are reunited in a refugee camp near the Macedonian border.

Several days after the more than 40,000 deportees arrived, they were gone. They were transferred to other refugee camps run by international aid agencies.

A U.S. soldier visits a Macedonian orphan at her orphanage.


Italian peacekeepers stride past a homeless child.

Tirana, Albania.

 
SERBIAN - MACEDONIAN BORDER

Sunrise at a U.S. Army observation post at the Serbian border. Three men from this unit were captured by Serbs the next day.

U.S. Army Specialist Gonzales heads to his lookout post less than 24 hours before Serb soldiers capture him.
 
KOSOVO

A French army leClerc tank thunders through a small village on a routine patrol.

The tank commander takes cover from low branches.

Armed with a TOW (Target on Wire) missile, French soldiers watch activity inside Serbia.
A Serbian railroad bridge destroyed by NATO bombing.

Shell-damaged roads are a common traffic hazard.

Children with a French soldier on patrol in Mitrovica.

A Kosovar salvages pipe while a tank from the United Arab Emirates rolls past.

A French soldier salutes his colonel as part of a pay day ritual. The colonel pays each of his men a percentage of their income in cash and deposits the rest into their French bank accounts.

An ethnic Albanian woman hand-delivers a love letter to a French peacekeeper in Kosovo.

A cow coming from a market. Tractors, tanks, humvees, bicyclists, shepherds, and livestock all share the same narrow roads, making driving extremely hazardous.

A machine gunner in an Italian navy helicopter watches for unusual activity.

A group of Romani women cross an Italian army checkpoint.
In the city of Pec, a Kosovar walks past the shell of a bombed-out mosque.
Resettled refugees clean the street in front of their home.

In Prizren, German paratroopers use a small tracked vehicle, designed for urban warfare.

German soldiers feed rural Kosovars in a traveling kitchen.
German soldiers stay with a Romani family late into the evening, to protect them from harassment by Serbs and ethnic Albanians.
Since there is no local government, German soldiers take over the administration of the local prison in Prizren.

A young sweeper greets a patrol of U.S. soldiers.

Soldiers work to free a boy caught in razor wire. He fell off his bike and into the wire surrounding their post.

A soldier carries the boy to his army barracks for medical attention.

An army medic gives the boy several stitches.

Ready for combat at a moment's notice, a member of a rapid reaction force tries to sleep.

The lack of road rules makes navigating traffic one of the most dangerous activities in Kosovo.

A boy salvages copper wire from the ruins of Pristina's telephone exchange, destroyed by NATO precision bombs.
 
BOSNIA

During a patrol near the town of Brcko, a U.S.soldier stands guard with his automatic weapon while the rest of his squad takes a break.

A U.S. Army officer (in helmet) confiscates a 50- caliber machine gun from local Bosnian militia. Possession of the gun violated the Dayton Peace Accords.

Over the years of war, the national library in Sarajevo was totally destroyed. Books were burned to keep desperate citizens warm during bitter cold winters.

Amidst the destruction of a neighborhood in Brcko, a shipping container is turned into a temporary coffee house.

Navy jets on the deck of the aircraft carrier America wait their turn for take-off on sorties over Bosnia.

A Navy F-14 Tomcat takes flight off the deck of the carrier America for a mission over Bosnia.

Hill 722, Bosnia: A perimeter guard on duty at sunset on Christmas Eve 1998.